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Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies
Purpose of review The purpose is to recall some of the key immunological elements that are at the crossroad and need to be combined for developing a potent therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine. Recent findings Therapeutic vaccines and cytokines have been commonly used to enhance and/or recall preexisting HIV-1 specific cell-mediated immune responses aiming to suppress virus replication. While the vaccine is important to stimulate HIV-1 specific T-cell responses, the cytokine may support the expansion of the stimulated virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the current success of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy render the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

The 30-year fight against HIV
Since its identification as the cause of Aids in 1984, scientists have made major advancements in tackling virus1984 Retrovirus is discovered as cause of Aids and later named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV.1986 Clinical trials show that HIV patients taking AZT (azidothymidine), an antiretroviral drug initially developed as a cancer therapy, were living longer than those who did not. AZT is shown to manage, but not cure, HIV and reduce the rates of mother-to-child infection in pregnancy.1987 The US FDA approves AZT as the first antiretroviral to be used as a treatment for Aids.1995 Jeff Getty, Aids activist, becomes th...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - March 3, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Caroline Davies Tags: The Guardian News Health Medical research Aids and HIV Society Source Type: news

Cancer clinical trials in persons with HIV infection
Purpose of review: The era of modern HIV therapeutics is well underway. The cancer and infectious disease epidemiology of HIV disease has markedly altered as populations are availed to the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ARV). The types of cancers occurring among those with HIV infection has broadened but the case burden in absolute numbers is very low relative to the background population. There are fewer incident cases of the AIDS-defining cancers (aggressive B-cell lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, and cervical cancer). There is an increased risk for certain non-AIDS-defining cancers, but these occur somewhat sporadicall...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 2, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Special Considerations and Populations Source Type: research

Cancer therapies in HIV cure research
This article provides an overview of anticancer therapies in various stages of clinical development as potential interventions to target HIV persistence. Recent findings: Epigenetic drugs developed for cancer have been investigated in vitro, ex vivo and in clinical trials as interventions aimed at reversing HIV latency and depleting the amount of virus that persists on antiretroviral therapy. Treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors induced HIV expression in patients on antiretroviral therapy but did not reduce the frequency of infected cells. Other interventions that may accelerate the decay of latently infected cel...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 2, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Special Considerations and Populations Source Type: research

Poly-ICLC, a TLR3 Agonist, Induces Transient Innate Immune Responses in Patients With Treated HIV-Infection: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial
Conclusions: These finding suggest that Poly-ICLC could be safely used for inducing transient innate immune responses in treated HIV+ subjects indicating promise as an adjuvant for HIV therapeutic vaccines. Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02071095. Introduction Innate immune dysregulation during HIV infection hinders the formation of anti-HIV adaptive immunity (1–6) resulting in rampant viral dissemination and progression to AIDS. Adherence to combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) regimens controls viremia, restores CD4+T cell counts and reverses immune dysfunction to ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Gimatecan and other camptothecin derivatives poison Leishmania DNA-topoisomerase IB leading to a strong leishmanicidal effect.
Abstract The aim of this work is the in vitro and ex vivo assessment of the leishmanicidal activity of camptothecin and three analogues used in cancer therapy: topotecan (Hycantim(®)), gimatecan (ST1481) and the pro-drug irinotecan (Camptosar(®)) as well as its active metabolite SN-38 against Leishmania infantum. The activity of camptothecin and its derivatives was studied on extracellular L. infantum infrared-emitting promastigotes and on an ex vivo murine model of infected splenocytes with L. infantum fluorescent amastigotes. In situ formation of SDS/KCl precipitable DNA-protein complexes in Leishmania promast...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - May 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Prada CF, Alvarez-Velilla R, Balaña-Fouce R, Prieto C, Calvo-Álvarez E, Escudero-Martínez JM, Requena JM, Ordóñez C, Desideri A, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Reguera RM Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Hepatocellular cancer therapy in patients with HIV infection: Disparities in cancer care, trials enrolment, and cancer-related research
Transl Oncol. 2021 Jun 15;14(9):101153. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101153. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is arising as a common late complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with a great impact on morbidity and mortality. Though HIV infection alone may not be sufficient to promote hepatocarcinogenesis, the complex interaction of HIV with hepatitis is a main aspect influencing HCC morbidity and mortality. Data about sorafenib effectiveness and safety in HIV-infected patients are limited, particularly for patients who...
Source: Translational Oncology - June 18, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Francesca Negri Gabriele Missale Anna Degli Antoni Camillo Porta Source Type: research

Treating Cancer in People With HIV
J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 2:JCO2300737. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00737. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.People with HIV (P...
Source: Clinical Lung Cancer - June 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kathryn Lurain Source Type: research

Sustained favourable HIV viral load response in South African patients during concomitant HAART and cancer therapy
HIV infection has led to an increase of both AIDS defining and non‐AIDS defining cancers. Immunosuppressive cancer therapy had been noted for increased HIV viral load in cancer patients infected with HIV before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Assessing the outcome of concomitant HAART and cancer treatment in regions endemic for HIV is thus important. From a cohort of 34 cancer patients infected with HIV, 10 (six underwent radiotherapy and four chemotherapy) had at least three serial samples collected before, during and after treatment. From each sample, HIV viral load, CD4 +  and CD8 +...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - August 23, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Andrew M. Musyoki, Thembeni L. Msibi, Mojakgomo H. Motswaledi, Selokela G. Selabe, M. Jeffrey Mphahlele Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

HIV Testing in Patients With Cancer at the Initiation of Therapy at a Large US Comprehensive Cancer Center.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HIV infection among patients with cancer was 1.2%, higher than the 0.1% prevalence threshold above which national guidelines recommend routine opt-out testing; however, the overall HIV testing rate was low. PMID: 26243649 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: JOP - August 4, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Hwang JP, Granwehr BP, Torres HA, Suarez-Almazor ME, Giordano TP, Barbo AG, Lin HY, Fisch MJ, Chiao EY Tags: J Oncol Pract Source Type: research

Outcomes of cervical cancer among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women treated at the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer
Conclusion: Among women with cervical cancer, HIV infection was not associated with initial treatment response or early mortality, but relapse after attaining a CR and late mortality were increased in those with HIV. These results point to a role for an intact immune system in control of residual tumor burden among treated cervical cancer patients.
Source: AIDS - January 28, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Medicine: the appliance of science
A cure for HIV? A new approach to obesity? Tailor-made therapies for cancer? Medical science surges aheadMore than once last year, researchers described leaps in medical science that were so breathtaking, and held so much potential for patients, that they immediately joined the list of fields to watch in the year ahead. In most cases, the work was, and is, at an early stage and its future success far from certain. Such is the nature of science. Most of today's breakthroughs will be tomorrow's failures. But some may go down in history for transforming how medicine is done.Often, medical science surges ahead when different a...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 1, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Ian Sample Tags: The Guardian Genetics Biology Medical research Microbiology Society Features Cancer Aids and HIV Chemistry Biochemistry and molecular biology Science Source Type: news

Update on the treatment of HIV-associated hematologic malignancies.
Authors: Little RF, Dunleavy K Abstract HIV is associated with an excess cancer risk, particularly of lymphoid malignancies. Modern therapeutics has changed the landscape of HIV disease and typical opportunistic complications of AIDS are now largely avoided. Although the risk of lymphoma has decreased, it still remains high. Nevertheless, treatment outcomes have improved due both to improvements in HIV medicine and in cancer therapeutics for the common lymphomas occurring in those with HIV infection. Other hematologic malignancies are rarely seen in HIV-infected patients, but the standardized risk ratio for many of...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - November 11, 2014 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research